Showing posts with label South America. Show all posts
Showing posts with label South America. Show all posts

Monday, November 4, 2013

About Bolivia

Here is a slightly-belated post to give you some basic information on the country of Bolivia. I wrote this for the school website, but that has not gone up yet. SO, it is going up on here instead.

Enjoy the post in English and in Spanish (below)

Official Name: Plurinational State of Bolivia
Capital: Sucre
Current President: Evo Morales (Socialist)
Languages Spoken: Spanish, Guarani, Aymara and Quechua
Currency and Exchange: Bolivianos (~7 BOB to 1 USD)

Bolivia is one of only two landlocked countries in South America; the country borders Paraguay (the second landlocked nation), Perú, Argentina, Chile and Brazil. Bolivia is home to over 200,000 square miles of Amazonian forest, as well as a portion of the Andes mountain range and Lake Titicaca. In addition to Spanish, which is widely spoken, Bolivia recognizes a total of 37 other native languages. Important holidays in Bolivia include Carnaval, Viernes Santo (Good Friday), Día de la Patria (Independence Day), and Todos Santos (All Saint's Day). 

The country of Bolivia is divided into nine territories, referred to a 'departments': Pando, La Paz, Beni, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Oruro, Potosí, Chuquisaca and Tarija. Although the city of Sucre is considered the constitutional capital, La Paz and Santa Cruz are the two most densely populated cities in Bolivia. Oruro is another well-known city, famous for its Carnaval celebrations in February. 

Colegio Despertad is located in the central department of Cochabamba, and the city is Bolivia's third-largest. Cochabamba is best known for its temperate climate and El Cristo de la Concordia, the word's tallest statue of Jesus Christ.* The department of Cochabamba also boats three national parks: Carrasco National Park, Tunari National Park and Isiboro Sécure National park. 


* Many believe that the statue of Jesus Christ in Río de Janero (Brazil) is the tallest statue of its kind. However, Cochabamba's statue is considered taller by official standards because the pedestals are not not counted as part of the statue itself.

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Bolivia es uno de los países de Sud America sin litoral; el pais limita con Paraguay (la segunda nación sin litoral), Perú, Argentina, Chile y Brasil. Bolivia es hogar de mas de 200,000 millas cuadradas de selva Amazonica, así como una parte de la cordillera de los Andes y el Lago Titicaca. Ademas de español, que es hablado por la mayoria, Bolivia reconoce un total de 37 lenguas nativas. 

Feriados importantes en Bolivia incluyen a Carnavales, Viernes Santo, Día de la Patria y Todos Santos. El pais de Bolivia está dividido en nueve territorios denominados "departamentos": Pando, La Paz, Beni, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Oruro, Potosí, Chuquisaca y Tarija. Aunque la ciudad de Sucre es considerada la capital constitucional, La Paz y Santa Cruz son las dos ciudades mas densamente pobladas de Bolivia. Oruro es otra ciudad muy conocida, famosa por sus celebraciones de Carnavales en Febrero. 


El Colegio Despertad está ubicado en el departamento central de Cochabamba, y la tercera ciudad mas grande de Bolivia. Cochabamba es conocida pur su clima templado y El Cristo de la Concordia, la estatua mas alta de Jesucristo en el mundo. El departamento de Cochabamba también cuenta con tres parques nacionales: el Parque Nacional Carrasco, Parque Nacional Tunari y Parque Nacional Isiboro Sécure. 

Friday, November 1, 2013

Oruro: Buses, Hostels and Restaurants

I recently took a mini-vacation out of Cochabamba. Many of the country's hot-spot cities are set rather far apart, but all major cities are easily accessible by bus. Oruro is a 4 hour drive from Cbba, but if your bus makes a lot of stops or hits traffic it may take 4 1/2 to 5 hours. 

Here is some basic information about my trip to Oruro: how I got there and back, where I stayed and where I ate. If you are planning on visiting Oruro, this will be a good guide for your stay. 


Buses


Route: Cochabamba --> Oruro
Company: Naser
Cost: Bs. 25 for a semi-cama seat
Time: 4 hours and 40 minutes

This bus left a little late (10.17 instead of 10 a.m.), but the semi-cama seat was very comfortable and once we were on the road we made good time. The price was also very good for this service and trip length. The only hiccoughs were when one of the drivers jumped off the moving bus to buy a watermelon (and subsequently jumped back on the still-moving bus), and when a herd of donkeys slowed our progress along one of the roads. Other than that - smooth sailing.



I definitely recommend Naser buses. 

** The Cochabamba bus terminal charges a tax of bs. 2.50 for all outbound journeys. Tickets can be bought separately at a kiosk near the front entrance. **

Route: Oruro --> Cochabamba 
Company: Trans-Azul
Cost: Bs. 30 for a normal seat
Time: 5 hours

I switched bus companies on the way back to Cbba because Naser did not have a 5 p.m. bus scheduled. This bus left right on time and the seat was reasonably comfortable, however it was a little overpriced for a non-cama seat. Normally buses in Bolivia have their "regular" seats upstairs and their semi-cama or cam seats downstairs; however, I do not believe this particular bus had a bottom floor. That meant that only regular seats were available. Additionally, this bus insisted on playing music and then movies, which I personally dislike on a bus trip. The music was far too loud and was stopped and started over again four times; then a movie was put in, and that was stopped and started three times before the driver settled on 'World War Z' in Spanish, without subtitles. Afterward they showed 3/4 of a 'Fast and Furious' installment, also in Spanish and without subtitles. This bus made more stops than usual and the trip took a full five hours. 

I would not recommend this bus company. 

** The Oruro bus terminal charges a tax of bs. 1.50 for all outbound journeys. Tickets can be bought separately at the door to the bus dock, so be prepared to have your change ready alongside your ticket. **


Hostel


Name: Hostel Graciela / Explorer's Inn
Cost: Bs. 60 per person, per night
Address: Calle Herrera #47, between 6 de Agosto and Bacovick
Amenities: Private rooms, En-suite bathroom, Hot Water, Free Breakfast, Free Wi-fi, TV in Room, Great Staff

Seeing that I was a solo traveler with a limited budget and only planned to stay one night in Oruro, I chose to go the cheapest route possible. Hostel Graciela is a fairly small hostel, but it offers two floors of private and group rooms, plus a breakfast room on the third floor. The free breakfast was typically South American: coffee and tea, yoghurt and bread. The room and bathroom were small, but clean, and the shower had very hot water. The wi-fi was not working during my stay, but I believe it usually does. The TV worked just fine and had 90 or so channels to choose from; I even found a news channel in English (CNN), which I appreciated. 

The clientele at Hostel Graciela ranged from young backpackers to full families, but the atmosphere was neither rowdy nor loud. I also managed to get to know two fellow travelers (24-year-old man and woman from England) and we spent the day seeing the sights of Oruro together. I felt very comfortable at Hostel Graciela and was not uneasy about interacting with the staff or the other travelers. 

The staff was very helpful and the younger staff spoke English. I would recommend this hostel as a cheap, comfortable place to crash for a few nights in Oruro. 

** Heads up: The staff at Hostel Graciela will take your picture outside of the hostel upon your departure. They use these for their Facebook page. **


Restaurants


Name: Bravo's Grill
Address: Calle Montesinas
Hours: 4 p.m. to 10.30 p.m. )Wednesday - Saturday) and noon 3 p.m. (Sunday)
Price Range: Bs. 35-72 per main dish


I enjoyed my dinner at Bravo's Grill in Oruro. The young woman at the desk in my hostel gave me directions to two different restaurants, one of which had been shut down and the other no one had heard of. So, I was stuck wandering around Oruro at 8 at night and stumbled across Bravo's Grill. 

The menu was fairly small, but comprehensive: A la Parilla (From the Grill), A la Carta, Pasta, Piqué (Small Dishes), Pescados y Mariscos (Fish and Seafood) and a complementary salad bar. The atmosphere was very quiet and low-key, especially for a saturday night (8.30-9.30) and most tables were couples. 

The waitress presented all drinks and the check on a small silver platter, which added a nice touch of class. She was very friendly and helpful regarding food and drink choices. 

Wine can be bought by the glass or by the bottle, and bottles of local wines (Campos de Solana) are offered in 375 ml or 750 ml portions. A 375 ml bottle of Campos de Solana runs about bs. 50, while a glass costs bs. 25; the wine glasses at Bravo's Grill are fairly small, so if you plan to have more than one glass you are better off getting a bottle. The pasta portions were huge (see below), although my waitress described them as "normal".

I took my leftovers back to the hostel


I would recommend Bravo's Grill for dinner in Oruro.

Name: Confitería Center
Price Range: Bs. 6-11 per small dishes; Bs. 50 per main dish

Confitería Center is nothing special, however, it was one of the only restaurants open at 1 in the afternoon. The menu includes empanadas, sandwiches and full plates. The sandwiches were not very large, but were tasty and filling. This restaurant also serves more "classic Bolivian" dishes, including Pique Macho.

The restaurant itself was pretty empty and service was, well…Bolivian. The only beer offered here was Huari, which is brewed in Oruro, and the only size was a liter bottle (bs. 16). Soft drinks and water were also available.



I would recommend Confitería Center if you are having trouble finding food elsewhere. 


** It should be noted that Oruro is not packed with restaurants and (in true Bolivian style) many are closed at random times of the day. I suggest finding a list of restaurants before you travel so you can be better prepared - and not starve. **



Monday, August 12, 2013

…Then it's not a real winter

Call me a nit-picker, but I'm getting a little sick of all these Cochabambinos bitching and moaning about how cold the "winter" is here. Having been raised in NW Connecticut, I have recently found myself saying things like "You babies wouldn't know winter if it hit you in the eye with an ice-scraper"…or something like that. 

In honor of that, I've decided to jot down a few of the ways that you can tell if your so-called "winter" is the real deal (head's up, Floridians: this one's gonna sting). 

- If this meme doesn't make sense to you...then it's not a real winter (and you need to spend more time on Youtube):



- If you've never been stuck in the house because the snow is too high to get the door open…then it's not a real winter.

- If you don't know what an ice-scraper is (and have at least one in your car)…then it's not a real winter.

- If you can leave laundry out on the line year-round…then it's not a real winter.

- If you can leave your windows open year-round…then it's not a real winter.

- If you can eat ice cream outside year-round…then it's not a real winter.

- If snow tires are non-existent where you live…then it's not a real winter.

- If you have to climb a mountain to see snow…then it's not a real winter.

- If you never see your breath EVER while outside (or inside)…then it's not a real winter.

- If your state/country doesn't have to pass laws about sand versus salt on the roads…then it's not a real winter.

- If you don't know how to make an at-home ice rink in your backyard…then it's not a real winter.

Wednesday, August 7, 2013

How We Traveled: Chile

Planning on traveling around South America? Check out our plane and bus itineraries from Chile to see if it's right for you.

Regarding flights, it should be noted that my travel buddy flew separately out of Santiago. Therefore, I have provided flight details and costs for both of our itineraries to help anyone planning a trip from within South America or to/from Europe. This information should give you a general sense of costs and times, varying by departure location. 

FLIGHTS:

Route: Santiago (Chile) --> La Paz (Bolivia)
Layover?: Yes, one layover in Iquique (Chile) - 3 hours
Airline: LAN
Duration: 2.5 Hours
Price: $225 (booking made on studentuniverse.com)

Route: London (England) --> Lima (Peru)
                                       +
            Santiago (Chile) --> London (England)

Layover?: Yes, one layover in Madrid (Spain)
Airline: British Airways/Iberia
Duration: 14 hours there / 16 hours back
Price: £1100 = $1677

BUSES:

**While in-country and crossing the Peru/Chile border we only took buses and colectivos. If you have plans to travel within Peru and/or Chile, remember that the distance between destinations can be very far and long. Prices range depending how nice your bus is - all of our buses were fairly high quality, so cheaper (read: less dependable) travel options are available.**

Route: Tacna (Peru) --> Arica (Chile)
Bus Company: **colectivo**
Duration: 2 Hours, including customs/border control
Price (per person): 3,500 pesos = $7
Extra Tax?: No
Overnight?: No

Route: Arica (Chile) --> Iquique (Chile)
Bus Company: Pullman Santa Rosa
Duration: 5 Hours
Price (per person): 7,500 pesos = $15
Extra Tax?: Yes, 200 pesos per person
Overnight?: No

Route: Iquique (Chile) --> La Serena (Chile)
Bus Company: Tur Bus
Duration: 17 Hours
Price (per person): 32,000 pesos = $62
Extra Tax?: No
Overnight?: Yes

Route: La Serena (Chile) --> Santiago (Chile)
Bus Company: Ciktur
Duration: 6.5 Hours
Price (per person): 8,000 pesos = $16
Extra Tax?: No
Overnight?: Yes



Where We Stayed: Chile

**Note: This information pertains to a double room with two beds for each accommodation; prices for singles and larger rooms will vary. 

Websites have been provided when possible.

The breakfast offered at each of these locations is what we called a "South American Breakfast" and is not as comprehensive as an English or American breakfast. Usually this included bread, jam and coffee/tea/juice. Additional foods varied between hostels and included yoghurt, eggs and ham.**

City: Arica (Chile)
Lodging: Hotel Raissa
Cost (per night): 24,000 pesos = $48
Number of Nights: 1
Amenities: Breakfast, Cable TV, Private Bathroom
Staff Spoke English?: No

Notes: The staff at Hotel Raissa were extremely nice and very helpful. However, the room and bathroom were very small and the hot water did not work; the water pressure was so-so. Considering we did not have this problem anywhere else, we counted this as a line in the Con Column. 

Hotel Raissa is about a ten-minute walk into the small town center, where shops and restaurants line either side of the bustling pedestrian street. Arica is not very touristy and not very large, but it is the first town across the Chilean border and a common overnight stop for travelers. 

Overall, this hotel is good for a place to crash for the night, but nothing special. 


City: Iquique (Chile)
Lodging: Hotel Las Dunas
Website: http://www.hotellasdunas.cl/
Cost (per night): 36,000 pesos = $72
Number of Nights: 1
Amenities: Breakfast, Wireless Internet, Cable TV, Private Bathroom, Hair Dryer 
Staff Spoke English?: No

Notes: There is nothing particularly wrong with Hotel Las Dunas: the room was clean, the staff was friendly and helpful, the shower had hot water and great pressure, the television worked and breakfast was easy and simple. However, this hotel is extremely overpriced. In general, Chile is not cheap and Las Dunas was no exception; for a three-star accommodation in a small, non-tourist town we paid the same price as our hotel in Santiago. We didn't book a hotel for Iquique ahead of time, but if we had we likely would have booked elsewhere. 

This part of town (and Iquique in general) isn't very nice - it's safe enough, but not beautiful. If you stay at Hotel Las Dunas or anywhere in the neighborhood, you can walk down to the water in about 15 minutes, and there you will find an industrial shipping area. If you follow the path along the coastline you find the commercial (read: pretty) beaches where locals hang out, swim and surf. There is no real "town center" in Iquique, but the main attractions and businesses follow the ocean coast, more or less.

However, Hotel Las Dunas is about five blocks from the Tur Bus station, which was very convenient; we skipped paying for a taxi and were able to carry our things easily from the hotel to the station. 


City: Santiago (Chile)
Lodging: Nomades Hostel
Website: http://nomadeshostel.cl/wp/
Cost (per night): $70
Number of Nights: 2 nights
Amenities: Breakfast, Wireless Internet, Cable TV, Private Bathroom
Staff Spoke English?: Yes

Notes: We arrived at Nomades Hostel at approximately 7 in the morning, straight off the bus from La Serena. Cold and exhausted, we were slightly peeved by the fact that the woman on night-duty failed to respond to our knocking and bell-ringing for a solid 20 minutes. However, after we were let in we were allowed to check-in and crash in our room hours earlier than anticipated. The owner later apologized for the inconvenience and he even prepared an extra portion of breakfast for us. 

Nomades Hostel is located away from the town center in a neighborhood called Bellavista. Despite multiple warnings that the area was dangerous or "not the nicest", we encountered no issues and never felt unsafe walking around at night. The walk into town is easy (about 45 minutes) and takes you past markets and parks, across the bridge and along the river. 

On your way into town you can stop by the Bellavista market square which houses an abundance of restaurants and small souvenir shops. A little further down the street (closer to the bridge) there is a second set of stalls where you can purchase gifts for friends and family. This area is a seven-minute walk from the hostel. 


The owner of Nomades answered all of our questions, sorted us out with a walking tour and arranged our early-morning cab pick-up on the day we flew out. The hostel has a communal kitchen which the staff encouraged us to use freely for whatever we needed. 

Friday, August 2, 2013

Photo Blog: Chile

A collection of highlights from the Chilean coast all the way down to Santiago!

$659 Chilean pesos for a kilo of red apples (manzanas rojas) in Arica.
The exchange rate in Chile is 500 pesos to the American dollar. 

One of the commercial beaches in Iquique with the city skyline behind it.
About a mile down the coast you'll find the less-pristine industrial shipyard beaches.


A tres leches (three milks) cone and a La Serena sunset. ¡Perfecto!

Street art in La Serena, It says "Neither their church nor their laws will
prevent homosexuals from loving each other. Wake up."

A view from Río Mapocho, a river that divides Santiago in two and is
decorated by an array of local street art. 

Here is a closer look at some street art along the river. The two signs say
"The awakening of the workers" and "The Age/The Century".

Men playing chess in Plaza de Armas in Santiago.

A colorful market stall selling an array of children's toys on the street
in Santiago.

Cracks left in a Santiago building by the 2010 earthquake. Smaller earthquakes
have become so common in Chile that they named a drink after them. The drink
is call terremoto; smaller versions are sold as 'aftershocks'. 

A view of the Andes Mountains (Los Andes) from Cousino Macul Viña,
a family-owned and operated vineyard outside of Santiago.

The empty grape vines at Concha y Toro Viña, which produces more wine than any other
South American vineyard. Its cellars are said to be haunted by el diablo - the devil. 

Wednesday, July 31, 2013

How We Traveled: Perú

Planning on traveling around South America? Check out our plane and bus itineraries from Perú to see if it's right for you.

Regarding flights, it should be noted that my travel buddy and I flew separately and met up in Lima. Therefore, I have provided flight details and costs for both of our itineraries to help anyone planning a trip from within South America or from Europe. This information should give you a general sense of costs and times, varying by departure location, airline, etc. 

FLIGHTS:

Route: La Paz (Bolivia) --> Lima (Peru)
Layover?: No
Airline:  Taca
Duration: 2 Hours
Price: $300 (booking made on studentuniverse.com)

**Note: Passengers on international flights out of Bolivia are charged a $25 airport tax fee. This is NOT included in your ticket cost and will be paid at the airport prior to entering security.**

Route: London (England) --> Lima (Peru)
                                       +
            Santiago (Chile) --> London (England)

Layover?: Yes, one layover in Madrid (Spain)
Airline: British Airways/Iberia
Duration: 14 hours there / 16 hours back
Price: £1100 = $1677

BUSES:

**While in-country and crossing the Peru/Chile border we only took buses and colectivos. If you have plans to travel within Peru and/or Chile, remember that the distance between destinations can be very far and long. Prices range depending how nice your bus is; all of our buses were fairly high quality, so cheaper (read: less dependable) travel options are available.**

Route: Lima (Peru) --> Cusco (Peru)
Bus Company: Cruz del Sur
Duration: 23 Hours
Price (per person): 185 soles = $66
Extra Tax?: No
Overnight?: Yes

Route: Cusco (Peru) --> Arequipa (Peru)
Bus Company: Cruz del Sur
Duration: 10 hours
Price (per person): 135 soles = $48
Extra Tax?: No
Overnight?: Yes

Route: Arequipa (Peru) --> Tacna (Peru)
Bus Company: Tepsa
Duration: 6 hours
Price (per person): 20 soles = $7
Extra Tax?: Yes, 5 soles per person
Overnight?: No

Route: Tacna (Peru) --> Arica (Chile)
Bus Company: **colectivo**
Duration: 2 Hours, including customs/border control
Price (per person): 3,500 pesos = $7
Extra Tax?: No
Overnight?: No

Tuesday, July 30, 2013

Where We Stayed: Perú

**Note: This information pertains to a double room with two beds for each accommodation; prices for singles and larger rooms will vary. 

Websites have been provided when possible.

The breakfast offered at each of these locations is what we called a "South American Breakfast" and is not as comprehensive as an English or American breakfast. Usually this included bread, jam and coffee/tea/juice. Additional foods varied between hostels and included yoghurt, eggs and ham.**

City: Lima (Peru)
Lodging: B&B Miraflores Wasi
Cost (per night): $50
Number of Nights: 3
Amenities: Breakfast, Wireless Internet, Cable TV, Private Bathroom, Laundry Service
Staff Spoke English?: Yes

Notes: This hotel is on Calle Tarapaca, a side street off of the much larger (and fairly busy) Avenida Arequipa; the walk the center of the Miraflores District is only 20 minutes. There is a small cafe next door to the B&B and a handful of places to eat within walking distance. There is also a small market store one block up and a large supermarket at the corner of Tarapaca and Arequipa. Huaca Pucllana is just two blocks away and sits adjacent to a small park. 

Miraflores Wasi is small but comfortable, however the front rooms on the lower level can get noisy because they are nearby the lobby, the stairs and the courtyard. 

The staff was exceptionally helpful and courteous. 

This hotel included a 5% surcharge for using a credit card as payment.


City: Cusco (Peru)
Lodging: Monte Horeb B&B
Website: http://www.hostel-cusco.com/
Cost (per night): $43
Number of Nights: 2
Amenities: Breakfast, Wireless Internet, Cable TV, Private Bathroom, Laundry Service
Staff Spoke English?: Yes

Notes: One major downside to this hotel was their cash-only policy. We booked our room online prior to our trip and used a credit card to hold the reservation, but when we checked in we were told we had to pay in cash. The hotel accepts dollars and soles. 

The room was a little chilly, but we were offered a heater which made things much cozier. Monte Horeb has a strange policy that disallows guests from washing and hanging their clothes in the bathroom and they encourage you to utilize their laundry service. The price is 5 soles per kilo (approximately $1 per pound) and delivery of clean clothes is the same day. There are also cleaners in town that can wash and fold laundry in two or four hours, if you are in a time crunch.  

The B&B is just up the street from Plaza Regocijo and a 5-minute walk from the main town square (Plaza de Armas). Staff was kind and offered dining/tour tips.

This hotel is located in a fairly secluded courtyard and many locals (including taxi drivers) were not familiar with it. Make sure to give the full address when describing this location.

Sunday, July 28, 2013

Photo Blog: Perú

A collection of some of my favorite photos from Perú. ¡Disfrutar!

The Temple of the Sun at the Pachacamac ruins, located about 40 km
southeast of Lima. The Moche and the Huari people were two of the
many pre-Incan civilizations to worship here.  

The Peruvian hairless dog - these are considered to be the ugliest dogs in the world.
Don't worry; we showed them some love! 

View of Pacific Coast in Lima.

Peruvian street art in Lima. 

Some fruits and veg in the local market in Lima. We can here
with our tour guide to gather ingredients for the famous
Pisco Sour drink (see below

Peru's famous Pisco Sours are made with pisco, simple syrup,
fresh-squeeze limes and egg white. Ingredients are shaken
vigorously over ice and topped with bitters for garnish.


Sunrise in Cusco



The official flag of Incan culture and history.


Machu Picchu, arguably the most iconic Incan site in the world.
The name Machu Picchu (Machupichu) comes from the Quechua
words meaning Old Mountain.


A shot of the Machu Picchu ruins through
some very well-maintained plant life.

Thursday, May 16, 2013

Learning a New Language with Duolingo

UPDATED: May 10, 2013 (see below)

Once I master Spanish, it will become the third language in my linguistic repertoire (English being my native tongue and German the second); and yet being someone for whom secondary languages have never come easily, I am always striving to find the best way to learn and maintain foreign language comprehension. As an English literature major in college, I had no problem dissecting the so-called gibberish of Shakespeare's Elizabethan speeches, but declared my minor in German partially to force myself to continue taking classes in that field of study. Hamlet I had down pat, but the subtle mechanics of German grammar stump me to this day. By minoring in the language, I was able to keep my understanding somewhere around the 'pretty-damn-good' level; since then, as I am rarely presented with an opportunity to speak, read or write German, my comprehension has begun to slip ever-so-gently from my grasp. 

Of course, you say, you could just…keep up with it. I could indeed. But, as we all know, once the vengeful cycle of adult life kicks into gear, we find ourselves with less-and-less time for frivolous activities such as bettering ourselves by pushing our mental capacity to a new limit. Time after time, those little notions, all of the 'I wish I could learn to…' dreams fall by the wayside and we continue on with our "real" lives. Between work and friends and errands and the hobbies we already nurture, who has time to pick up a Gibson and learn the opening licks of a Red Hot Chili Peppers song? 

However, I am attempting to try take on new challenges and go out of my way to add skills to my mismatched collection of hobbies and interests. Therefore, having decided to take a job on another continent, I also allowed myself to force another new language - literally - down my own throat. Sitting at home in the States I never would have pushed myself to actually learn Spanish (unless I bought the Spanish Muzzy DVD's…if only so I could boast that I had Muzzy DVD's in my house). In addition, I would have had very few people willing to speak Spanish with me on a daily basis, dully riding it out as I fumbled through masculine and feminine noun conjugations in a coffee shop down in Old City. Aha! I said. But should I move to a Spanish-speaking country, I will learn the ins-and-outs in no time! 

Well, yes and no. A goodly plot, to be sure, but more easily said than done. Despite the fact that many of my daily encounters (food shopping, speaking with a student's parents, etc.) do force me to have mastered a most basic level of the language, I have been brutally reminded just how hard it can be to keep your chin up during the first few months of beginning a new skill. German, for example, was an overwhelmingly embarrassing experience for the first six months, at least. My high school teacher will no doubt remember one of the first tests I took, on which I managed to write the sentence 'I wear a desk to school' because I had failed to memorize both new sets of vocabulary properly. It took me a long time and a lot of hard work to feel that I really "spoke" German, and the same will be true for Spanish. Once I manage to gain a medium level of grammar and comprehension, the rest will fall into place over time - it's just getting there that's the tough part. 

So, what have I been doing to get this Spanish train on track? Well, besides getting a lot of help from my friends here and watching 'Never Been Kissed' and 'Mean Girls' with Spanish dubbing (purely for intellectual purposes, you understand), I have also been searching around trying different methods of online lessons. Having attempted more than one tutorial company, I think I have finally landed on a good program: duolingo.com and the Duolingo app on my iPhone have proven more consistent and more rewarding than any other method I have thus-far attempted. The app for your smartphone is a great option for on-the-go learning, although you may want to avoid practicing in public places, as the program will a) occasionally speak to you and b) ask you to respond and be recorded. The more expansive online portion of the application includes the option to practice words and concepts that you have experienced difficulty with, as well as specialists to chat with and ask questions and forums full of online language learners who would also like to know why those pesky, sexist masculine/feminine articles are necessary in this silly language you've chosen to pick up. 

I have already recommended the program to my father (shout out to mi padre) so we can learn Spanish together and he can brush up on his French (although why anyone would want to speak the language of cheese-eating-surrender-monkeys is beyond me). In addition, I use it occasionally for my English tutoring here in Bolivia. I would therefore like to recommend the app to all of you, whether you plan on finally mastering that new language or you just want to impress that girl at your office by pretending you can tell her romantically passionate things in Italian (when really you're saying, oh I don't know…'I wear a desk to school' - just an example). 

As always, when I find something I believe useful and think others would enjoy trying, I like to share it. So, here you have my review of DuoLingo, the online language program and smartphone app. I hope it helps you with all of your foreign language endeavors, however noble or shallow they may be. 

¡Suerte!

I wanted to update this post to add some pros and cons, with the hope that they will help any of you deciding whether or not to use this program. All apps, etc. have their good and bad qualities and this one may not be for you. Read on to see if it's something you're interested in.

* Also, if you want to know about other apps and sites I've tried, feel free to comment or e-mail me. Let me know what you want out of a language program and I'll see if I can help you find the right fit. *

PROS:

  • Totally 100% free AND there are no ads
  • Easy to use and follow, including smartphone apps and online tutorials
    • FYI: Duolingo just launched their Android app. Not sure if they still need to work any bugs out, but good news for Droid users!
  • The "Language Tree" guides you through your lessons, building each new skill on top of the last one you learned
    • The tree won't let you move beyond certain levels until you have mastered the previous skill
    • You can also test out of a skill if you feel you know it well enough and you can return to finished lessons to work more on that particular skill
  • It's a fun way to learn a language by yourself and a good program to use instead of a class (or in addition to!) if you need to brush up on a language or learn a new one. 
CONS:
  • One of my biggest pet peeves with Duolingo is that it doesn't give you any form of vocab lesson before you begin your quizzes. This means that during your study of a new skill, the app may throw a word at you that you've never seen, leaving you feeling bewildered and - frankly - a little stupid.
    • Hint: if you don't know what a word is, you can linger over it and a little drop-down box will give you a cheat - this does not affect your overall score.
  • The timed sessions make me want to throw my laptop out the nearest window
    • To be fair, these sessions are optional and you are always given the choice to run your practice quizzes without a timer. 
    • However, if you do choose to use a timed session to solidify one of your skills, remember that the clock moves VERY QUICKLY and pretty much the only way to "beat the timer" is to answer every question correctly. Therefore, it is sometimes better to take an extra beat and get the answer right, rather than rush and get them all wrong.
My suggestions?

First, you might as well give this program a try. As I said before, it won't work for everyone and maybe there is a better program out there for you. BUT, it's free and easy and you don't have to download anything (for the online lessons), so give it a go and see if you like it. 

Second, regarding the lack of vocab, you can try one of two things. I personally try and complete the session first and see how the new words go, even though I sometimes peek (especially if I think I know the translation and want the self-satisfaction of my own unacknowledged genius). After I complete a whole section, I go back to the vocab list they've created for me, and I write down the words I had trouble with. Alternatively, you can see what the category is (clothing, for example) and then go look up the most common/probable words beforehand. 

EITHER WAY, remember that you can get special help with the words you have difficulty with. To do this, click on your desired category; on the right side of the new page you will see a list of words you have been exposed to, beginning with the most recent. To practice one particular word, click on it and then select 'Practice Word'; to review all of your trouble words, choose either 'Practice Skill' or click 'View Full Vocabulary from ______' and then select 'Practice Weakest Words'. 

Third, if the timed practices are going to drive you bonkers, don't bother with them. It will be more detrimental to your learning process to spend 20 minutes attempting lessons and 30 minutes pulling your hair out and crying. I use the timed lessons sporadically, usually if I'm in a good mood and/or I feel I know that skill very well and can beat that demonic little clock. Plus, if you do get all the answers right, it gives you a reason to thrust your fist into the air Judd Nelson style and yell out the phrase of your choice (mine is "suck it, Spanish" - feel free to use it as you wish). 

One last thing - don't forget that the website has forums that you can access to ask questions or find questions others have already asked. Sometimes it helps to see how another student answers a question you had, rather than looking up the "textbook definition" and finding a dissertation on when to use 'y' versus 'e' for the conjunction 'a'. 

Saturday, March 30, 2013

Operation: Titicaca


Well, it turns out one of my previous blog posts ('Before I Die…') was both aptly titled and auspiciously timed, considering my recent treacherous journey to visit the famous Copacabana. The good news is that this trip served to fulfill my lifelong goal of standing on the shore of Lake Titicaca and dividing my time equally between inspired awe and childish laughter - (if you don't think I spent a good portion of the vacation giggling over the name Titicaca then you obviously don't know me very well).  

In fact, when I first told mi family via a Skype-style family meeting of my plans to come live and work in Bolivia, my 26-year-old sister (who is also a mother, I might add) burst out with the verbal masterpiece: "HA! TITICACA!" Birds of a feather, I suppose…

I did, however, promise my beloved sister that I would visit the unfortunately-named landmark, and two weekends ago I set off from Cocha and headed out on my way to Copa (some local lingo for you world-savvy readers). 

Little did I know that getting to the lake would be one of the most trying adventures of my young life:

Morning dawned bright and chilly on Friday, March 8th; due to school-scheduled parent-teacher conferences, I was free of classes, but had a duty to meet with some of the parents brave enough to speak to the new gringa educating their children - all accompanied by a translator, of course. After a few hours of slightly awkward sit-downs, I threw my backpack into the car and we drove out to the nearby Cochabamba airport. Unsurprisingly, my attempt to purchase a flight to La Paz online the night before had been an epic BOA bust; but flights between La Paz and Cochabamba are frequent and not particularly expensive, so my host mother assured me we could buy the ticket at the airport. Once at the check-in desk, I experienced another foreign fumble: although I had "reserved" my seat with a 24-hour provision, BOA (Boliviana de Aviación) had decided instead to cancel my purchase and sell my seat to someone with a more reliable internet connection. 

We were asked to wait until 12.30 - the flight scheduled to take off at 12.55 - to see if there was a spare seat I could buy.  Finally, at 12.45, we were called to the front desk and I was awarded my well-earned seat aboard the airplane. Luckily, security at the Cochabamba airport is incredibly - shall we say - straightforward, and without any lines to wait in I was abroad the plane and belted in by 12.50. A whole five minutes to spare! 

On a side note, if you are ever flying within OR out of Bolivia, here are a few things you should know:

- BOA, Taca, TAM and LAN all fly into and out of Bolivia and are more likely to have short-distance flights that larger airlines do not provide
- It is usually cheaper to book your ticket online, so try and do that ahead of time if you can
- Airlines in South America charge additional taxes on all flights; these are not included with your booking fee. When you collect your ticket at the desk, they will give you two facturas (receipts), one for your ticket and one to pay your extra tax. You must bring this second receipt to a nearby counter and pay the charges to get your slip stamped. Bus stations do this as well.
- The normal fee for an in-country flight is about Bs 15, or approximately $2
- The fee for an inter-country flight can be as much as $25, but varies according to your departure airport
- The bus fee will only cost you Bs 2-5, which is less than $1

Now, back to the story.

The 35 minutes flight behind me, I could meet up with my two gringa friends and continue on with the next phase of Operation: Titicaca. I chose to take a taxi from the airport to Hotel Rosario, which cost me Bs 60 (about $9), for the sake of convenience. The La Paz airport is located roughly 13 km (8 miles) from the edge of town, which means any cab you take from the airport will cost you at least Bs 40 and your ride into town will take about 25 minutes. You can also try an take a trufi into la prada, which will cost you about Bs 5 instead. However, the trufis are tightly packed and if you have luggage and/or are traveling in a pair or a group, you should opt for the taxi cab. 

Once in La Paz we paid a visit to the Witches' Market, which is infamous for its interesting array of merchandise. The market (Mercado de las Brujas) is best known for its odd assortment of herbs, elixirs, plants and - most disturbing/fascinating to foreigners - dried llama fetuses. Luckily, I had been warned of the presence of such fetuses, but one can never truly be prepared to encounter a hanging, dead llama baby. Let me tell you now: they are not the most attractive trinket to bring home for family and friends. Dried llama fetuses are, however, very important in Aymara culture, and it is said that they are buried under new foundations as a symbol of offering to the Pachamama (see Yo Quiero un Oso for more information on this goddess of the earth).

Passing over the dried fetuses, we opted for some more classic shopping. Further down the market in La Paz there are dozens of stands and small boutiques, which sell all of the touristy paraphernalia you can imagine: from comical t-shirts to hand-woven (and usually very colorful!) jackets and ponchos to traditional Bolivian instruments, you can find it all in this section of the marketplace. A wide array of jewelry can be found in almost every shopfront and is a good gift idea if you are shopping for people back home; earrings are an especially nice gift, as they are hand-made and beautiful, and they are well-priced and can be easily packed into your luggage. Another favorite souvenir is the small totems that depict various emblems of Bolivia's traditional gods and goddesses. I admit to buying one for myself, feeling that Bs 10 is a pretty good bargain for a small stone idol that promises to bring me strength in my future endeavors. Plus, he's a cute little buddy that now adorns my nightstand. 

Just before 5 p.m. one friend and I headed to the bus terminal, leaving our third compañera on her own to trek back to the U.S. of A. If you are ever in La Paz and need to take a bus, be sure to tell your taxi driver what your destination is; we nearly got taken to the main terminal de buses where we would have found a myriad buses scheduled for Cochabamba, Sucre, Santa Cruz and many other popular locations, but not Copacabana! The "terminal" for Copa buses is more of an off-street idling zone, but a taxi driver will know how to take you where you need to go. There is a little office on the bus-side of the street where you can buy your tickets, and, depending on the time of day you travel, a one-way trip will cost you about Bs 25-30 ($3.50-4.50). Our bus was scheduled to depart at 5, which on Bolivian time ended up being 5.30; however,  even Bolivian buses and airplanes (especially major companies and routes) do often leave on time, so never bank on having extra time before a trip. 

All began smoothly on the trip and we even got to chatting with a young Argentinian man who was on his way to Lake Titicaca as well. The ride was quiet and fairly uneventful - that is, until we hit Tiquina. The Strait of Tiquina is a portion of the larger Lago Titicaca (Lake Titicaca) and must be crossed to continue on your journey to Copacabana. Unfortunately for travelers, this means unloading the bus, putting the bus onto a transport ferry and putting its passengers onto a separate small boat. Those heading to Copa by car can also pay to put their vehicle aboard the barge, although I cannot speak to the costs of a such a venture. For bus travelers, the boat ride across Lago Tiquina will cost you Bs 2 (one-way) and the ride is just over half a mile. After that, you will have to wait ashore for your bus to catch up with you. The boat ride and the shore can be very cold, windy and often rainy at night, so bring a padded windbreaker to stay warm. 

Once our bus did arrive safely back on the mainland, we were given the news: there was a strike taking place about half an hour down the road which would impede the remainder of our excursion. Despite the hour (it was now about 9 p.m.), we learned we would have to sit and wait it out. Alas, with nothing to do in the small town of Tiquina, our Argentinian friend and his amigo decided to regale the crowd with their guitars; some songs were traditional and others...not quite so. But it was a good time and helped us to survive the chilly and unexpected layover. Although we heard tell that the bus wouldn't depart until 3 a.m., our driver assured my friend (in a rather condescending tone) that we would leave at 10 and then kindly request of the protestors to dismantle and allow us to pass. 

An hour later we were on our way again, although we had little hope of swaying the strikers to put aside their road blockade. Not surprisingly, 30 minutes down the road, the bus paused, then stopped completely. Our driver turned off the lights and the engine, exited the vehicle, and left us alone without any instructions or any idea of how long we would be waiting on the cold, pitch-black bus. Upon texting the news to our friend back in La Paz, she warned us that we may not move again until morning. Indeed, all around us the Bolivianos were settling in for the long haul. Other than ourselves, our Argentinean buddy seemed to be the only person at all concerned by the sudden change in plans, and he and his friend opted to walk the rest of the way to Copa (30 more minutes by bus) - not a decision I would readily recommend, although he did survive the trek in one piece. 

At midnight, we realized that the strike had finally lifted. Buses and cars began passing on the other side of the road and the cars behind our bus were blinding us with their headlights as they swerved around our stationary bus. Excitement quickly turned to dismay as we remembered that our bus driver had, for all intents and purposes, abandoned us. Without knowing where he was, we had to sit and wait…again. At about 12.30 a taxi pulled up beside our bus and who should get out but our driver - fast food bag and all. As we resumed our drive around the fortuitous mountain roads, it didn't take long for the uneasy realization to set in: our bus driver was tipsy, to say the least. Holding our collective breath for the 20 minute ride, the bus twisted and turned, coming dangerously close to the sandy pullover as our Driver from Hell zipped in and out of lanes, overtaking the cars and other buses trundling down the mountainside. Needless to say, we were all relieved to jump off the bus in Copa and run away as quickly as our tired little legs would carry us. Too bad we now needed to find a hostel that had rooms available…and it was 1 in the morning. 

When we finally did find a hostel with open rooms - the dubiously-named Archangel Hostel - we were so excited we even took a photo of the wall full of unclaimed keys. Hey, us backpackers have to take what we can get! For the record, the hostel was not a bad place to stay for our two nights in Copacabana. A two-person room with a private bathroom cost us each Bs 40 per night, which is roughly $11 per person for a two-night visit. The water was admittedly freezing and the drainage system in the shower left much to be desired, but we didn't have to share our room or our toilet with strangers and the accommodations were clean and tidy. The man who runs the front desk of the Archangel Hostel also loves to chat and will talk your ear off about all the time he has spent in the United States and how he and his friends learned to speak "such good English". A lovely old man who also had a tendency to fall asleep at the desk at random hours of the day and night - and yes, I took a photo. 

One other thing to keep in mind: whenever you are hiking, hosteling or using a public bathroom in Bolivia, you will be expected to pay for your toilet paper. An odd concept to foreigners, but something we get used to pretty quickly. In a public bathroom at a parade or a bus station, this usually means a Bs 2 fee, but in a hostel it means you buy a roll or two of toilet tissue from the front desk. Our precious two-pack cost Bs 5, so if you are planning on backpacking and staying in several places, you might want to invest in some store-bought TP, which would end up being cheaper in the long run. 

The next morning we awoke at 8 a.m. to find it was raining. Not just any light drizzle, but a full-on downpour of atmospheric tears. Unable to force ourselves out of bed just to walk into a sheet of falling water, we lay snuggled in our (surprisingly warm) hostel beds for another hour - all the while bemoaning and cursing our fate, of course. After all, who comes to Copacabana, home of Sun Island, to walk around in the dreary, rainy weather? At 9 a.m. we dragged our butts out of bed and found a nice little "cafe" to enjoy a warm breakfast in. Head's up: when your breakfast in Bolivia claims to come with pancakes, expect something akin to a crepe adorned with an unknown sticky/sweet topping. Not unappealing, but certainly unexpected. 

During our breakfast the rain ceased its attack on our tiny seaside town and the sun began to come out and warm the streets. Our bellies full and our windbreakers un-donned, we headed back up Avenida 6 de Agosto to check out Copa's local cathedral, which sits across from Plaza 2 de Febrero. The church, formally known as Basílica de Neustra Señora de Copacabana (Basilica of Our Lady of Copacabana), was built in the 16th century and has since been a symbol of the city's religious devotion. Tourists and Bolivianos alike travel from around the continent and the world to pay homage to the Virgen de Copacabana and pray inside the Cathedral's chapel. Visitors are welcomed into the basilica every day and there is no entrance fee. 

Although a grand sight to behold, the Basílica was not our main reason for journeying all the way out to Copacabana. After a quick and unauthorized stop into the lakeshore military zone, we scoured the shore of Lake Titicaca to find a reasonably-priced tour of the area. We settled first on a private "tour" (I use the word tour lightly, as we were dropped off and left alone for 45 minutes) out to the Floating Islands (Islas Flotantes) which cost us Bs 40 (just under $6) each; after a 20 minute boat ride out to the islands and a rousing round of "Hey, look at our trucha!" (Copa natives are very proud of their locally-farmed trout), we were rowed ashore the Floating Islands in a small dingy and left to roam free. Word to the wise: there is not very much to do on the Isla Flotanes if you go without a guide. Tourist companies will offer package deals for locations like Copacabana and if you're dead set on seeing the Isla Flotanes, they're you're best bet. Sans guide, we wandered until we found a nice bevy of rocks onto which we could scramble and overlook more of the island and the lake beyond. If you do find yourself on the Floating Islands with little to entertain you, you can always do what we did and take a series of silly/pensive photos against a breathtaking backdrop. Certainly not a total waste of time - it is a beautiful island to visit.

Our total trip time to the Isla Flotanes took about and hour and a half (~20 minutes each way on a boat and ~45 spent walking around the island); however, if you plan to go out to the Isla del Sol (Island of the Sun) - and most tourists do - make sure you carve out a significant amount of time for your adventure. The boat ride to/from the island is about an hour each way and you'll spend a good hour or two on the island itself. Our boat ride cost Bs 20 ($3) roundtrip and if you are first in line you will usually be given the option to sit on top and enjoy the sun; there are also a good number of seats downstairs for those not quite ready for the Copa sunbeams. Either way, you will be seeing a good deal of sun once you reach the island, as trips only run in the morning and early afternoon. Read: bring sunscreen and water! 

In addition to our boat ride, we opted for a guided tour around the Isla, which cost us Bs 25 ($3.50) each. Be warned: you are not likely to find someone who can give you a tour in English! If you do not speak Spanish (or don't speak it very well), it helps to have a friend with you who does. I was lucky to be accompanied by one-such friend, and she was able to translate portions of the expedition and questions on my behalf. The guided tour is actually a good option in this particular tourist location for two reasons: firstly, you will learn more about the Isla del Sol than you would on your own, although no tour will be incredibly in-depth; secondly, your return boat will depart from a dock further down the island from where you landed and your guide will take you on a route that satisfies both your interest and your time crunch. Without a tour, you will need to either return to the boat on your own at the drop-off location (which severely cuts down on your time) or find your own way to the departure location. 

The Isla del Sol is one of six main islands that straddle the aquatic border between Peru and Bolivia. Isla del Sol is the most well-known of these islands and the most popular island for tourists to visit on their trips through Copacabana. In addition to its luminous weather, the island has a great deal of culture and history to offer its visitors. In ancient times, this island was inhabited by the Incas before later being discovered by Spanish settlers. The island was considered to be a sacred place by its inhabitants who believed that the sun god originated from this area. The site is littered with Inca ruins, including the remains of a small temple on the southeastern coast of the island. At the top of the famous Inca Steps lies la fuente - the Fountain of Youth. The fountain is certainly a welcome pit-stop following the steep and uneven trek up the Inca steps, which will wind most tourists, whether or not you consider yourself to be "in shape". The water that falls from the small fuente is drinkable and is said to have mystical healing powers; there is no fee to take a sip from the Fountain of Youth and its worth snapping a picture for your photo album. 

These days the sun-filled Isla is populated by a few hundred native families whose main source of income and work include farming, fishing and - of course - tourism. Within their self-subsistent economy, these locals trade with one another using a bartering system rather than an economic system based on monetary gain. They do, however, supplement these customs with the money they make off the major influx of foreigners that walk the rocky isla terrain each year. For a few bolivianos you can have your photo taken with one of the island's domesticated alpacas and local women display handmade items for sale up and down the walking paths of the mountain. Be warned: if you are seen taking a picture of the animals by a native, they may expect you to pay them for said "services"; however, you should really only pay for your photo if you are in the shot alongside the animal(s). In addition to the abundant herd of alpacas, you may find sheep, pigs and donkeys wandering around the island trails. 

One interesting fact about the Isla del Sol that often goes unsaid is that overnight accommodations are offered on the island itself. A number of small hostels combine the backpacker's main travel cravings: cheap shelter, squalid amenities and unparalleled views from your mountainside balcony. Had we known about these lodgings in advance, we would have spent a night on the island to gain the full Lago Titicaca experience. C'est la vie. 

Many tourists also wish to visit the Isla de la Luna (Island of the Moon), which is smaller than the Isla del Sol and is said to be the home of Viracocha, the foremost deity in Inca culture; according to mythology, Viracocha used the Isla de la Luna to control the movements of the moon and rise it into the sky every evening. 

Two days is really all you need to spend in Copacabana to get the full experience, as the islands are easy enough to visit by boat and the touristy nature of the town disallows for much true Bolivian dining or culture; the "beachfront" is not a traditional tanning beach and serves mainly as a port for lakeside tourist travel. But the quiet seaside village is a nice place to relax and enjoy a book or some hiking trails if you choose to stay for more than a weekend. Many visitors use Copacabana as a stopover between the end of their journey in Bolivia and the beginning of their travels into Peru; if you are planning on spending time in both countries, Lago Titicaca is the best way to traverse the cross-country border. 

Our return bus ride to La Paz wasn't nearly as remarkable as our initial trip, except for the fact that we managed to miss our first bus by waiting in the wrong plaza! Copacabana has two main pradas; buses generally arrive in the main plaza in town (Plaza 2 de Febrero), but depart from the smaller plaza further downtown toward the lake itself. When leaving Copa, be sure to know which plaza you are meant to be in!

Once back in La Paz, we walked the short distance to the terminal de buses, a large yellow building with a decorated grassy knoll out front. Finding the terminal building is easy enough, and most people will be happy to give you walking directions if you ask politely. Ticket in hand (Bs 70 / $10), I stocked up for the 7+ hour ride at one of the little stands littering the terminal and boarded a 3.30 bus at around 4 p.m. Even the more "high-end" bus companies don't always supply working bathrooms on-board, so take advantage of any pit stops the bus makes during this long journey between La Paz and Cochabamba. Be sure to bring entertainment and/or prepare yourself for a long nap, as the trip is not a short one. My bus didn't reach Cocha until 12.30 (about an hour and a half later than expected), and from the bus drop-off you'll want to find a reliable radio taxi to take you to wherever you are staying in town. Taxis from the bus terminal will cost more than a taxi in town, and the general fee is around Bs 15 ($2) as opposed to Bs 8-10 ($1-1.50). 

Overall feeling about the trip to Copacabana and Lake Titicaca? Worth the hassle for what will probably be a once-in-a-lifetime experience. Copa is one place in Bolivia you'll want to add to your itinerary, if for no other reason than to be able to use the word 'Titicaca' in conversation without being looked at like a total pervert. Just try not to giggle when you say it…too much. 

Monday, March 4, 2013

¡Yo Quiero un Oso!

South American (and, in general, Latin American) countries are well-known for two things: the first is their strong religious ties - mainly Catholic - and the role religion plays in everyday life; the second is their affinity for celebration. As my host mother once told me "We'll find any excuse to celebrate a holiday here in Bolivia." Indeed, the list of festivals currently adorning my iCal extends far beyond the rookie basics. Sure we have Mother's Day and Father's Day ("día de la madre" y "día del padre", respectively), but what schedule would be complete without the addition of día del nino - aka: Kid's Day - and día del maestro - aka: Teacher's Day?

Additionally, I have found that Bolivia has adopted some of our traditional "Western" holidays and stacked them atop similar holidays they already celebrate. Valentine's Day, for example, is not a traditionally-recognized South American celebration. However, my friends and peers were certainly aware of the romantically-charged occasion, and I found myself invited to two separate V-Day excursions (one for all the single ladies - point: Beyonce - and one less gender-specific); as in America, it is common for the young folk of Bolivia to put together 'single and ready to mingle' parties, and on February 12th I witnessed a girlfriend receiving a dozen roses from her beloved novio. However, Bolivia also acknowledges an event called Día de le amistad, which roughly translates to "Friendship Day" and is rather similar to our North American celebration of Valentine's Day. Día de le amistad, is observed in July and is a day for friends to share gifts and enjoy dinners; it is also an occasion for couples to practice their PDA skills. 

BUT, that's not enough for Cochabamba. In  late January and early February, teens and twenty-somethings pay tribute to their bromances and bff's by taking part in Compadre  and Comadres celebrations: quite literal in their meanings, the first is a day for men to go out with their buddies while the second is an excuse for young women to let loose and party together. Set a week apart on consecutive Jueves (Thursdays), Compadre y Comadres are intended to allow friends time to honor their close ties and share drinks, dancing and laughter with one another. Incidentally, although Compadre is declared as a holiday for men, it is not uncommon to see girlfriends and female friends out celebrating as well; in direct opposition, there are Comadres parties held around the city, from which all males (excepting the band and the strippers - yes, I said strippers) are unequivocally banned. However, one of my Cochabambino friends explained that this gender-neutral compadre phenomenon is restricted solely to the city of Cochabamba; in all other Bolivian cities - especially La Paz - male and female celebrations are cherished and strictly enforced. 

The aforementioned holidays are all secular and are therefore not government-sanctioned celebrations; but over the years they have evolved into unofficial festivities within the Cochabamba city limits. Several other fetes include Viernes Santo (Good Friday), Corpus Christi (sorry, it's the same in both languages), Todos Santos (All Saint's Day) and día de Navidad (Christmas Day). Each one of these holidays has earned itself "state recognition" (i.e. no school or work) and all are bolstered by strong religious support and precedent. 

This brings us to perhaps the most anticipated holiday season of the Bolivian year: Carnaval. As one of my cousins recently pointed out, Carnaval has its roots firmly planted in religious doctrine. Deeply Catholic in its origin, Carnaval is observed in the weeks and days leading up to Lent. Although its etymology remains a debate among scholars, it is generally acknowledged that Carnaval derives its significance from the Spanish and Portuguese  word carne, meaning 'meat'. This ties in nicely with the notion of Carnaval as a Catholic fete, as meat is conventionally forbidden during the observation of Lent. The parades and parties the occur during Carnaval allow communities to bond over excessive eating and, inevitably, drinking and dancing. Celebrated in various forms on nearly every inhabited continent across the globe, Carnaval ceremonies have historically paid homage to the locally worshipped gods and their beliefs. Americans will be familiar with New Orleans' annual Mardi Gras parade, the French Catholic adaptation of its Latin American neighbor. Just as we see theatrical demonstrations of dance, color and costume in the NOLA spectacle, Carnaval parades around the world are filled with masquerading performers, boisterous music and exaggerated displays of patriotism. 

In Bolivia, the grandest and most famous (perhaps infamous) Carnaval takes place in Oruro and is enjoyed by locals and foreigners alike. Visitors flock to Oruro to experience the dizzying nature of Bolivia's Carnaval, so should you ever find yourself in Bolivia in February, be sure to attend the Oruro celebration or one of its smaller counterparts. Renowned for its hyperbolically sacred rituals and denounced for its nefarious reputation for over-consumption of alcohol and hooligan-styled antics, Carnaval has rightfully earned its place in the contemporary custom of Bolivian society. Anyone who has attended the Carnaval in Oruro will testify that it lives up to the hype, and those of us who failed to make an appearance hang our heads in shame when asked how we enjoyed the Carnaval experience. However, those who do participate in Oruro's celebration will experience La Diablada, or the Devil's Dance, followed by a sea of demons, angels, virgins, Incas and conquistadores. Several classic tales are then acted out, including a tribute to Virgen de Socavon (the patron saint of miners) and the Archangel Michael's duel with the devil. Collectively these demonstrations represent the ongoing trial we face between good and evil, and ultimately the Carnval is intended to honor Pachamama - the ancient Catholic incarnation of mother earth. 

Unable to make it to the Oruro celebrations myself, I opted for the day-long corso held in Cochabamba. Taking place a week after the festival in Oruro, Cochabamba's parade is preceded and followed by days of well-meaning mischief. Although now illegal, the most common practice of Carnaval tradition in Cochabamba is that of the city-wide water fight. Hundreds of children, young adults and even families spend the weekend days of February driving through Cochabamba in search of people to target with globos (water balloons). Mobs of incensed youth line the streets, lying in wait to soak passerby, passengers in cars and rival groups stationed on opposite sides of the road. In addition to globos, troublemakers carry water guns and attack unsuspecting citizens with cans of sticky spray foam. As I was told by a local preacher, "If you dare to enter the streets of Cochabamba during Carnaval, expect to get very, very wet." Warned but not wearied, I packed my purse with a change of clothes and braved the globo-filled avenues. 

Aside from the water balloon wars, the main event of Carnaval in Cochabamba is the corso (parade), which spans an entire Saturday and is something of a mini-Carnaval. Throughout the day, hundreds of traditionally-attired dancers boogie down the main streets of town, pandering to the crowd and blowing besos to people in the stands. Three ancestral dances, Tinku, Caporales and Morenada, are observed, and attendees slip under the barriers to dance alongside the corso participants and have their photos taken with the dancers. Unlike in Oruro where mayhem reigns supreme, corso in Cochabamba is accompanied by heavy security and harshly-enforced restrictions. Globos, alcohol and incorporating animals skins and furs into costumes are all prohibited. Still, the crowds maintain a rowdy disposition even as the parade endures well into the darkness of evening.

As the title of this post suggests, I spent the day holding out for an elusive oso sighting. In Oruro, it is common for certain performers to dress up as bears and show off for the crowd. Armed with the power of overwhelming peer pressure and fueled by cerveza and chicha (a local beer made from grain), onlookers will routinely chant the word "Oso! Oso! Oso!" as the carnivore-clad clowns pass by. When this happens, the dancer is expected to reciprocate the gesture by rubbing his giant bear stomach, much to the pleasure of the drunken mob. Alas, my wish for an oso was not granted. I heard tell of oso appearances much later in the evening, sometime around 8.30 or 9; however, having arrived at the corso at 11.30 in the morning, our group was fairly drained by 7 o'clock. I suppose the moral of the story is to never give up on your dreams, especially when dancing osos are at stake. 

And so, Oruro and the oso will just have to wait another year. Let's just look at it as a great excuse to come back and visit my Bolivian friends in February 2014. 

¡Salud!